Python Documentation

Glossary

https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html

Term	Description	Links
Decorators	A function returning another function, usually applied as a function transformation using the @wrapper syntax.	docs.python.org

Keywords

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords

Keyword	Description	Links
lambda	Covered in Python Documentation section

Operators

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators

Operator	Description	Links	Example/Usage
:=	The walrus operator allows us to combine assignment and conditional checking into a single, more readable line of code. It allows us to assign a value to a variable within an expression.		[[Google-5-Day-Gen-AI-Intensive-Course#[Day 3 - Function calling with the Gemini AP [TP (https //www.kaggle.com/code/prasanth07/day-3-function-calling-with-the-gemini-ap-tp)]] > “Inspecting the conversation” section.

Expressions

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html

Expression	Description	Links
lambda	Used to create anonymous functions. The expression lambda parameters: expression yields a function object.	docs.python.org

Built-in Functions

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#built-in-functions

Functions	Description	Links
isinstance()	Return True if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct, indirect, or virtual) subclass thereof.	docs.python.org
iter()

Build-in Types

Type	Description	Links
set		set

Standard Libraries

https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html#library-index

Library	Description	Links	Examples/Usage
collections		docs.python.org	collections
datetime	This module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times	docs.python.org	datetime
email	Provides the tools to construct, interpret, represent, and manage email messages. In other words, focuses on the creation, parsing, and manipulation of email content. Often use it in conjunction with a sending library to build and send complex emails.	docs.python.org	email
enum		docs.python.org	enum
functools		docs.python.org	functoolsCaching & Memoization
importlib.metadata	Provides access to the package level metadata	docs.python.org	docs.python.org
itertools		docs.python.org	itertools
math	This module provides access to common mathematical functions and constants, including those defined by the C standard.	docs.python.org	math
os	Miscellaneous operating system interfaces	docs.python.org	getcwd, environ
pathlib	Object-oriented filesystem paths	docs.python.org
re	This module provides regular expression matching operations	docs.python.org	re
site	Site-specific configuration hook	docs.python.org	getsitepackages
sqlite	DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases.	docs.python.org
string		docs.python.org	string
sys	System-specific parameters and functions	docs.python.org	executable, version, path
textwrap	Format text by adjusting the line breaks within paragraphs. It provides several functions to achieve this, such as wrapping, indenting, and filling text.	docs.python.org
typing	This module provides runtime support for type hints	docs.python.org
warning

Third party libraries

https://pypi.org/

Library	Description	Links	Examples/Usage
chromadb	Chroma - the open-source embedding database. The fastest way to build Python or JavaScript LLM apps with memory!	pypi, chromadb - getting started	chromadb
fastapi	Framework for building HTTP-based service APIs.		My git repo prasanth-ntu/fastapi-tutorial-1 branches for quick hand-on learning. 1. CRUD Basics 2. CRUD + SQLite 3. CRUD + PostgreSQL
google-genai	GenAI Python SDK. Interface for developers to integrate Google’s GenAI models into our python applications. Supports Gemini Developer API and Vertex AI APIs	pypi	Google-5-Day-Gen-AI-Intensive-Course, Gemini comparison
huggingface-hub	Client library to download and publish models, datasets and other repos on the huggingface.co hub	pypi
IPython			IPython
kaggle	Access Kaggle resources (API) anywhere using CLI	pypi
keras	A multi-backend deep learning framework, with support for JAX, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and OpenVINO (for inference-only). Effortlessly build and train models for computer vision, natural language processing, audio processing, timeseries forecasting, recommender systems, etc.	pypi	[[Google-5-Day-Gen-AI-Intensive-Course#[Day 2 - Classifying embeddings with Keras [TP (https //www.kaggle.com/code/prasanth07/day-2-classifying-embeddings-with-keras-tp)]]
langchain	Building applications with LLMs through composability	pypi
langchain-google-genai	An integration package connecting Google’s genai package and LangChain	pypi
langchain-groq	An integration package connecting Groq and LangChain	pypi
langchain-openai	An integration package connecting OpenAI and LangChain	pypi
langgraph	Building stateful, multi-actor applications with LLMs. A low-level orchestration framework for building controllable agents. While langchain provides integrations and composable components to streamline LLM application development, the LangGraph library enables agent orchestration — offering customizable architectures, long-term memory, and human-in-the-loop to reliably handle complex tasks.	pypi
matplotlib	A comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.	pypi	Matplotlib
numpy	Fundamental package for scientific (array) computing in Python	pypi
pandas	Powerful data structures for data analysis, time series, and statistics	pypi	Pandas
pprint			Pprint
psycopg2-binary
pydantic	Data validation using Python type hints. [Offical Documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/install/.	pypi	Pydantic
pyhive			Most common use case for me is from pyhive import presto Presto
rich
ruff	Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust	https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/	Tutorial
scikit-learn (or) sklearn	A set of python modules for machine learning and data mining. Built on top of scipy	pypi	sklearn
scipy	Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python	pypi
seaborn	Python visualization library based on matplotlib. It provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive statistical graphics.	pypi
sqlalchemy	The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper (ORM) that gives application developers the full power and flexibility of SQL, enabling Python developers to communicate with DBs using Python classes and objects rather than raw SQL queries.	pypi ORM Quick Start
sqlalchemy	ORM to our DBs (e.g., Postgres, SQLite)
sqlite3
tqdm	Fast, Extensible Progress Bar or Meter	pypi
transformers	State-of-the-art pretrained models for inference and training	[pypi]
uvicorn	ASGI server that runs FastAPI applications. Uvicorn is a fast, lightweight ASGI (Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface) web server for Python, used to run async web applications and APIs built with frameworks like FastAPI, Starlette, and Django, supporting HTTP/1.1, WebSockets, and HTTP/2 for high performance by leveraging asyncio and optimized C extensions like uvloop.  It acts as the crucial bridge, taking your Python code and making it available over the web via sockets, often started from the command line with uvicorn main:app and offering features like automatic reloading for development.

Managing versions and projects

Anaconda pyenv - The Python Version Manager Poetry - The Project and Dependency Manager