Glossary

https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html

Term	Description	Links
Decorators	A function returning another function, usually applied as a function transformation using the `@wrapper` syntax.	docs.python.org

Keywords

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords

Keyword	Description	Links
`lambda`

Operators

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators

Operator	Description	Links
`:=`	The walrus operator allows us to combine assignment and conditional checking into a single, more readable line of code. It allows us to assign a value to a variable within an expression.

Built-in Functions

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#built-in-functions

Functions	Description	Links
`isinstance()`	Return `True` if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct, indirect, or virtual) subclass thereof.	docs.python.org
`iter()`

Standard Libraries

https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html#library-index

Library	Description	Links
`email`	Provides the tools to construct, interpret, represent, and manage email messages. In other words, focuses on the creation, parsing, and manipulation of email content. Often use it in conjunction with a sending library to build and send complex emails.	docs.python.org
`sqlite`	DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases.	docs.python.org
`textwrap`	Format text by adjusting the line breaks within paragraphs. It provides several functions to achieve this, such as wrapping, indenting, and filling text.	docs.python.org

Third party libraries

https://pypi.org/

Library	Description	Links	Examples/Usage

`google-genai`	GenAI Python SDK. Interface for developers to integrate Google’s GenAI models into our python applications. Supports Gemini Developer API and Vertex AI APIs	pypi
`kaggle`	Access Kaggle resources (API) anywhere using CLI	pypi
`matplotlib`	s a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.	pypi
`numpy`	Fundamental package for scientific (array) computing in Python	pypi
`pandas`	Powerful data structures for data analysis, time series, and statistics	pypi
`scikit-learn`	A set of python modules for machine learning and data mining. Built on top of `scipy`	pypi
`scipy`	Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python	pypi
`seaborn`	Python visualization library based on matplotlib. It provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive statistical graphics.	pypi
`tqdm`	Fast, Extensible Progress Bar or Meter	pypi
`keras`	A multi-backend deep learning framework, with support for JAX, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and OpenVINO (for inference-only). Effortlessly build and train models for computer vision, natural language processing, audio processing, timeseries forecasting, recommender systems, etc.	pypi
`huggingface-hub`	Client library to download and publish models, datasets and other repos on the huggingface.co hub	pypi
`transformers`	State-of-the-art pretrained models for inference and training	[pypi]
`langchain`	Building applications with LLMs through composability	pypi
`langgraph`	Building stateful, multi-actor applications with LLMs. A low-level orchestration framework for building controllable agents. While langchain provides integrations and composable components to streamline LLM application development, the LangGraph library enables agent orchestration — offering customizable architectures, long-term memory, and human-in-the-loop to reliably handle complex tasks.	pypi
`langchain-google-genai`	An integration package connecting Google’s genai package and LangChain	pypi
`langchain-openai`	An integration package connecting OpenAI and LangChain	pypi
`langchain-groq`	An integration package connecting Groq and LangChain	pypi
`sqlalchemy`	The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper that gives application developers the full power and flexibility of SQL.	pypi